1. Task description
Due date: – 5th april
Instructions
Purpose:
To critically examine the factors that have underpinned successful public health action and draw out the lessons of the past.
Topic:
Select and describe two recognised public health successes (from any country).
Compare (the similarities)and contrast (the differences) in action to address these two issues.
Approaching the task:
For this assignment, select two recognised public health successes, in Australia or another country, that have made a measurable improvement to the health or wellbeing of the population. They can be in any time period.
Review the relevant literature to identify these successes. Don’t make them up!
For example, in Australia, mass immunisation reduced childhood illness and death substantially from its introduction in the 1930s, while road safety measures combined to reduce road trauma injuries and deaths from the 1970s onwards.
For each issue there is a particular story of success. Your task is to investigate the conditions for success, types of interventions and strategies used to address each of the known successes in public health.
Clarify for yourself:
? what conditions were in place (eg. strong political leadership at key points in time? sustainedcommunity support? change in social and/or economic environment?
new evidence? prevailing crisis?)
? what types of interventions were used over time (technology? medical care? engineering? behaviour change? increased access/population reach? regulation? changed social norms?) and
? what strategies were put in place which facilitated success?
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While this will be interesting in itself, what is even more interesting and instructive is how strategies we have used over time to address one issue are similar to or different from the strategies used to address the other issue, and why this is the case. So ensure that you compare the similarities and contrast the differences with respect to the public health successes chosen for your assignment. For example, in the case of road traffic accidents, the application of technology and engineering have been important for making roads and cars safer. Legislation and public education have played major roles in shaping the road-related behaviour of citizens. Leadership has been critical for putting this issue on the public agenda and allowing significant investments in research and interventions. Have we taken
the same approach to address HIV in Australia? If not, why not? What was it about this issue that was similar to or different from road traffic accidents? What other strategies might have been important at different times over the decades to address HIV?
So that you have enough scope to respond to this assessment task, make sure you select public health issues with the following characteristics:
1. Impact
There was a measurable impact on population health.
2. Importance
Public health issues of significance were addressed.
3. Ambitious in scale
Actions were implemented on a state, national or global level.
4. Directly attributable to the efforts of public health system
The success was directly attributable to an organised public health effort, rather than primarily to wider social and economic improvements.
5. Duration
Action was sustained for a period of time.
6. Cost-effectivede you with some initial insights into how and why public health success has been achieved in relation to specific issuesness
A cost-effective approach was used.
(Adapted from Gruszin, Hetzel & Glover, 2012)
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Format:
? 1500 words excluding references (10% above word limit is the maximum allowable). Marks will be deducted for reports that exceed the word limit: between 10-20% (5 marks); more than 20% (10marks).
? Times Roman font, 12 point
? 1.5 line spacing
? Use of APA6 referencing style
? Coversheet showing: Title and number of assessment task, date, your name, your ID number,, subject title and code, number of words.
Marking:
Your work will be assessed against the marking criteria below. Please read these carefully to make sure you understand what is required
Reference
Gruszin, S., Hetzel, D. & Glover, J. (2012). Advocacy and action in public health: lessons from Australia over the twentieth century. Canberra: Australian National Preventive Health Agency, 2012.
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2. Marking guide
Criteria
Possible
marks
1. Comprehension of task
Student demonstrated they understood:
? the purpose of the task
? the concept of critical success factors in public health
? the concept of changes over time in population health issues and public health
approaches. 10 MARKS
2. Understanding of selected problems/issues
Student selected relevant population health issues, explained the nature of each and its
major contributing factors as a basis for analysing how it was prevented/addressed.
15 MARKS
3. Analysis of similarities
Similarities in how two different population health problems were prevented/addressed
were compared including:
? Framework for understanding the problem: Eg. single causative factor; multiple risk factors;
key determinants of health (biology, environment, health care, behaviour)
? Contributors to success: Eg. technology; engineering; environmental design; behaviour
change; access/ population reach; regulation; social norms; medical care
? Conditions enabling successful action: Eg. clear strategic direction; leadership; technical
expertise; supportive structures; public support; adequate resources.
20 MARKS
4. Analysis of differences
Differences in how two different population health problems were prevented/addressed
were contrasted, including:
? Framework for understanding the problem: Eg. single causative factor; multiple risk factors;
key determinants of health (biology, environment, health care, behaviour)
? Contributors to success: Eg. technology; engineering; environmental design; behaviour
change; access/ population reach; regulation; social norms; medical care
? Conditions enabling successful action: Eg, clear strategic direction; leadership; technical
expertise; supportive structures; public support; adequate resources.
20 MARKS
5. Resources
Authoritative sources of data, information and evidence from scientific research were
selected and interpreted to support student’s analysis (eg. historical records, peer-reviewed
literature, textbooks, government reports, evaluation reports).
20 MARKS
6. Originality and referencing
? Student’s own words were used and all ideas, concepts and words of others were
acknowledged properly
? APA6 referencing style was used
? In-text citations and reference list were accurate and complete.
10 MARKS
7. Format
? Appropriate report style and layout were used.
? Clear introduction and conclusion were provided.
? Information, analysis and conclusions were presented in a clear and logical manner.
? High-quality English expression was used.
? Technical terms or jargon were briefly defined.
? Spelling and grammar were accurate.
5 MARKS
Total /100
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