Alcohol advertising and youth.
Authors:
Saffer H
Author Address:
National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, New York 10016-4309, USA. hsaffer@gc.cuny.edu
Source:
Journal Of Studies On Alcohol. Supplement [J Stud Alcohol Suppl] 2002 Mar (14), pp. 173-81.
Publication Type:
Journal Article; Review
Language:
English
Journal Information:
Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7609332 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0363-468X (Print) Linking ISSN: 0363468X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Stud Alcohol Suppl Subsets: MEDLINE
MeSH Terms:
Advertising as Topic*/methods
Advertising as Topic*/statistics & numerical data
Alcoholic Beverages*/statistics & numerical data
Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology
Alcohol Drinking/*prevention & control
Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking/psychology; Humans
Abstract:
Objective: The question addressed in this review is whether aggregate alcohol advertising increases alcohol consumption among college students. Both the level of alcohol-related problems on college campuses and the level of alcohol advertising are high. Some researchers have concluded that the cultural myths and symbols used in alcohol advertisements have powerful meanings for college students and affect intentions to drink. There is, however, very little empirical evidence that alcohol advertising has any effect on actual alcohol consumption.
Method: The methods used in this review include a theoretical framework for evaluating the effects of advertising. This theory suggests that the marginal effect of advertising diminishes at high levels of advertising. Many prior empirical studies measured the effect of advertising at high levels of advertising and found no effect. Those studies that measure advertising at lower, more disaggregated levels have found an effect on consumption.
Results: The results of this review suggest that advertising does increase consumption. However, advertising cannot be reduced with limited bans, which are likely to result in substitution to other available media. Comprehensive bans on all forms of advertising and promotion can eliminate options for substitution and be potentially more effective in reducing consumption. In addition, there is an increasing body of literature that suggests that alcohol counteradvertising is effective in reducing the alcohol consumption of teenagers and young adults.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that increased counteradvertising, rather than new advertising bans, appears to be the better choice for public policy. It is doubtful that the comprehensive advertising bans required to reduce advertising would ever receive much public support. New limited bans on alcohol advertising might also result in less alcohol counteradvertising. An important topic for future research is to identify the counteradvertising themes that are most effective with youth.
Number of References:
40
Entry Dates:
Date Created: 20020522 Date Completed: 20021202 Latest Revision: 20071115
Update Code:
20101124
PMID:
12022723
Database:
MEDLINE
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