Argumentative essay
Order Description
essay related to the topic of the responsibility of affluent nations and their citizens to people without even basic sustenance, discussed in Peter Singer’s paper “Famine, Affluence, and Morality.”
Your project must begin with a standard form representation of your argument followed by a diagram of the argument, using between 10-15 premises. Your argument must include at least one deductive inference and one inductive inference and these must be identified (by type) and indicated on your diagram (i.e. on the arrow connecting the premises note “disjunctive syllogism” or “analogy”).
Quotations should be referenced in the text as follows:
“text” (author year, page number(s)). Note the final punctuation comes after the reference. If a text has to be altered slightly for grammatical reasons put the changes in square brackets.
Include bibliography and word count.
Standard Form
Subargument 1
P6: The actions of others in not preventing suffering do not justify a personal lack of action in preventing suffering.
P7: Someone being physically farther away from us does not make that person less deserving of our aid. (Proximity doesn’t matter.)
? P2: We are morally obligated to prevent something bad from happening if by doing so we do not sacrifice anything of comparable moral significance.
Subargument 2
P5: People in affluent countries buy clothes not to keep themselves warm but to look well dressed.
MP1: Looking well dressed is not of considerable moral significance.
? P4: The things people in affluent countries spend money on are not of considerable moral significance.
Subargument 3
P8: Giving away more money will prevent more suffering. (Singer uses the £5 example.)
P9: Giving away a great deal of money is the best means to an end.
P10: If one sees population control as a more effective means of preventing suffering they can still help by supporting that.
? P3: People in affluent countries are capable of preventing the large-scale suffering in other parts of the world.
Subargument 4
P1: Suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care are bad.
P2: We are morally obligated to prevent something bad from happening if by doing so we do not sacrifice anything of comparable moral significance.
P4: The things people in affluent countries spend money on are not of considerable moral significance.
P3: People in affluent countries are capable of preventing the large-scale suffering in other parts of the world.
? C: The non-response of affluent countries to large-scale crises is morally unjustifiable.
Diagram
Equity Multiplier Total Assets/Shareholders equity
ROE Formula (Net Income/Revenue)*(Revenue/Total Assets) n
*(Assets/Equity) The formula for valuing a firm = ? FCFFt/(1+WACCg)^t + FCFFn+1/(WACCst -gn)/(1+WACCg)^n
Growth rate MW Productions t=1
ROE Net Income/Equity
Retention Ratio 1-(cash dividends/net income) Value %
Equity(Rs)
Growth rate in earnings Retention rate X ROE Debt(Rb)
Total Value
Price of Stock Dividend/Return Rate R – Growth Rate g Rwacc
Rwacc s/B+S X Rs +B/B+S XRB X (1-tc)
Rwacc s/B+S X Rs +B/B+S XRB X (1-tc) Que 2 a Que 2b
Ex.4 Ex.5 Ex.6 Ex.10
Assumptions Aggregate Discount Discount Aggregate Current Undev Current Probable Current Possible Current
The discount rates and factors have been estimated based on the level MW Rate Factor Value Reserves Value Reserves Value Reserves Value
of Risks, for example risks associated with company failures are mostly Year 1 61.4 63% 0.3 18.42 -13.5 -4.05 -5.8 -1.74 -8.6 -2.58
very high as the years progress and increase as the business Year 2 75.1 60% 0.33 24.783 -5.8 -1.914 3.8 1.254 -2.9 -0.957
continues to grow and expand. Year 3 62.2 55% 0.34 21.148 7.6 2.584 -1.5 -0.51 -13.5 -4.59
The current value of the company’s future cash flows are obtained by Year 4 37.4 52% 0.36 13.464 5.2 1.872 -2.5 -0.9 -28.4 -10.224
multiplying each cashflow for each year by the discount factor for that Year 5 53.2 50% 0.37 19.684 4.6 1.702 9.7 3.589 -17.1 -6.327
particular year a process referred to as time value of money. Year 6 70.7 48% 0.39 27.573 6.7 2.613 11.9 4.641 2.5 0.975
Year 7 80.2 44% 0.42 33.684 9.7 4.074 13.1 5.502 12.5 5.25
Year 8 80.7 42% 0.44 35.508 12.5 5.5 13 5.72 13.4 5.896
Year 9 85.3 41% 0.45 38.385 16 7.2 13.2 5.94 18.5 8.325
Year 10 76.5 39% 0.46 35.19 15.1 6.946 11 5.06 16.1 7.406
Year 11 72.5 35% 0.48 34.8 6.8 3.264 10.2 4.896 21.2 10.176
Year 12 74.3 34% 0.49 36.407 14.7 7.203 10 4.9 20.1 9.849
Year 13 68.5 30% 0.51 34.935 15.2 7.752 8.4 4.284 18.8 9.588
Year 14 63.8 27% 0.52 33.176 16.5 8.58 7 3.64 16.8 8.736
Year 15 58 25% 0.6 34.8 15.1 9.06 6.4 3.84 14.4 8.64
Total current value 441.96 126.40 62.39 107.90 50.12 83.80 50.16
The company uses the perpeituty growth model to find Discounted future value 216.92 30.62 24.60 24.62
and calculate all the values of cashflows for the forecast period.
The values are estimated to grow at 7% for the rest of the years.
441.957*1.07/ (2.25-0.07) =
The future value has to be discounted to give the current value.
216.923* 1/(3.25)^15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Equity value is equal to Equity Value 216.92 30.62 24.60 24.62
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