Questions:
Explain joint petition, consolidation and joint administration
Joint petition is bankruptcy proceedings refer to a situation whereby the husband and the wife file bankruptcy proceedings together. It is immaterial whether it the wife of the husband who seeks to be adjudged bankrupt. The most essential element is that the petition is presented before court by the husband and the wife as the main parties to the bankruptcy proceedings. Consolidation in bankruptcy means bringing together many debts or credit lines .The main aim of consolidation is to device a pay off plan for all the available debts. It may also refer to debt settlement arrangement (Parsons, 322).
Joint administration is a valid court permitted mechanism in which several cases are administered together. Joint administrations is designed seek to save time and dispense with the same questions of law and fact expeditiously. However, it is the duty of court to ascertain that there is no potential or existing conflict of interests between the parties. The main advantage of joint administration is the fact that the two separate individuals or business entities minimize the cost of hiring bankruptcy professionals since the cost is shared (Parsons, 276).
What is an involuntary petition?
Involuntary petition is a type of bankruptcy petition which occurs when creditors make a request in court through a petition, to the effect that the creditor should be declared bankrupt. It is to be remembered that the petition is by the creditors and not the debtor. It is the creditor’s right to make the petition but the right must be a creature of a statute. Upon the court approving the petition, bankruptcy therefore becomes declared on the debtor. Involuntary petition makes it easy for the creditors to collect their debts. It is imperative to note that the debtor has the right to object the involuntary proceeding if he proves that the creditors are forcing him/her to involuntary bankruptcy. The court conducts a hearing after the filing of the objection and if the debtor wins he/she is entitled to lawyer fees and all other costs associated with the filing of the defense (Parsons, 326).
What are the federal exemptions and what is the right of states to opt out?
A federal exemption refers to personal property and any other property that is excluded from the list of the available property ready for distribution to the creditors. The rights created for individuals who are adjudged bankruptcy must be expressed provided by the respective law. The properties exempted may include matrimonial home and money held by the debtor on trust. However, the exemption may be waived in instances whereby the debtor includes the exempted property in the list of the property available for distribution upon bankruptcy (Parsons, 467).
At a point whereby the property under federal exemption is to be determined, the wording of different laws relating to bankruptcy in the states, are considered. Matrimonial home and household items are exempt from bankruptcy estate. Household items include beddings, family heirlooms and furniture. It is the discretionary of the debtor to exclude the property from the list of properties. The state has a chance of opting out in instances when the debtor waives the exemption preceding bankruptcy proceedings (Parsons, 417).
What is the Automatic Stay?
An automatic stay has the powers of bringing the entire bankruptcy process at a halt. It refers to an injunction that has the effect of automatically stopping all orders such as lawsuits, foreclosure and garnishee against the debtor. In addition, all creditors or bankruptcy trustee activities in realization of the debtor’s property are subsequently automatically stopped (Parsons, 405).
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