Paper Outline
Introduction
Cultural Background of Vancouver City; Canada
Main objective of the Research
Hughes’s views on Culture and Development
Cave’s views on Clustered Cities
Hall’s views on Culture and Development
Mommaas’s views on Culture and Economics
Zukin’s views on Culture and Economic
Mahroof’s views on Culture and Economic Development
Lian views on Culture and Economics
Empirical Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
Literature Review
Methodology
Conclusion
Table of Contents
Introduction.. 3
Cultural Background of Vancouver City; Canada. 3
Main objective of the Research.. 4
Literature Review.. 5
Hughes’s views on Culture and Development 5
Cave’s views on Clustered Cities. 6
Hall’s views on Culture and Development 6
Mommaas’s views on Culture and Economics. 6
Zukin’s views on Culture and Economic. 7
Mahroof’s views on Culture and Economic Development 8
Lian views on Culture and Economics. 9
Methodology. 10
Empirical Analysis. 11
Qualitative Analysis. 11
Conclusion.. 11
Works Cited. 13
Cultural Influence on the People of Vancouver
Introduction
Cultural Background of Vancouver City; Canada
Culture can be understood as the basic common values, beliefs and norms that help to shape the behavior and characters of a given people in a society. In most societies, and especially preindustrial societies, it takes the form of religion. The Canadian cultural policy of diversity has profoundly shaped Canada as far as protection and preservation of culture; arts and creativity is concerned. The Canadians, especially in Vancouver, have an extraordinarily rich culture. The culture of centric orientation is highly upheld in Vancouver. Therefore, the people’s beliefs are highly influential on the residents of Vancouver. The culture of centric orientation has promoted creativity in the city of Vancouver through various means. For instance, through artistry, diverse expressions, imagination and inclusivity. The combinations of these factors have seen Vancouver flourish culturally and economically. Encouragement of creativity has seen the well being of the people uplifted as it is inseparable with one’s identity, beliefs and rights. Creative city of Vancouver that is culturally embedded has promoted equal access to opportunities, businesses and the general community well being (City of Vancouver, p. 2).
Creative city is conceived in Canada as a place where diversity, artistry and culture is inclusive. This has facilitated local economic development (Bradford, p. 2-7). Here, the economy is driven by knowledge based industries that are clustered and work through high levels of interaction and communication. In so doing, they avoid the earlier problems of raw material that limited their geographical location or positioning. The warm and rich cultural climate in Vancouver has attracted many investors; both local and from external countries such as USA, India, China Britain among others. The central values here are; urban economic sustainability and the well being of the people that are achieved through creative initiative and industrial development.
Canada practices creative governance that favors its economic development. This is through democratic governance that involves transparency, imaginativeness, adaptable city states and inclusivity. There is also, a strong and creative workforce, industry, networking, connectivity and competitiveness that boost the economic well being of Canada. Collaborative governance, city regions, scale politics and social inclusivity have also played a significant role in economic prosperity (Smith and Katie, p. 3).
Vancouver has a diverse population of beliefs, values, visions and lifestyles. The Canadians co-relates extremely closely in an economic perspective and move as a whole towards a creative city. Emphasis on protectionism of Canadian culture has been crucial in ensuring Canada continues to grow economically. People’s ways of lives are directly related with their economic advancement. Canada realized this factor, and she came up with a cultural protection policy. This was aimed at preventing foreign cultures from interfering with what is considered as ways of lives of Canadians. It involved offering incentives to firms that produce films and other television shows that illustrates and promote the culture of the Canadians. On the Other hand, cultural norms and beliefs are believed to hinder the economic well being of a people. Some cultures in some communities and countries hinder the people from taking advantage of economic developments. In Vancouver, culture is highly upheld and is geared towards economic empowerment of the people.
The city of Vancouver has a long history in as far as culture is concerned that dates from cultural policy debates; whereby, cultural norms and beliefs have retained protectionism status in political institutions of Canada. The earlier efforts to replicate British cultures and artistry in Anglophone Canada were repulsed by Canadians who believed that culture makes people more educated and civilized. Vancouver’s cultural organizations emphasize on efficiency in financial management. This is also an extraordinarily essential pillar to economic growths of Canada. Cultures were, therefore, held in an unusually high value because they were and are still believed to further a noble goal.
The city of Vancouver has, therefore, developed national policies and programs aimed at protecting and educating people on the importance of cultural traits on the well being of the citizens. Culture is believed to be immensely valuable and thus cannot be exchanged. This is the reason why Canada pursues the culture of inclusivity. This means tolerance and appreciation of different cultural activities that promote institutionalization of communities in different cultures. In most cases, it is applied to the demography of a place, organization or institution such as cities, businesses, schools and neighborhoods.
Main objective of the Research
The principle objective of conducting the research is to explore the role of cultural diversity, creative governance, skilled workforce, industrial cluster, connectivity, networking, collaboration and the culture of inclusivity in relation to economic advancement of Vancouver City.
The general objective is to promote a sustainable and a world class economic development of Canada and the general well being of the citizenry through technological advancement and innovations.
Literature Review
Hughes’s views on Culture and Development
Cultural activities have led to development of cultural tourism hence elevating a country’s economy. This is because there is absorption of individuals to work in the industries and acts as a revenue earner to a country. As a result of its appeal internationally, cultural tourism has become a phenomena that are essential in tourism and travel industry (Hughes, p. 364). Cultural tourism is often utilized as a tool for marketing and development to widen the tourism policy objectives. Cultural tourism is highly valued by individuals dealing with urban regeneration strategies. This is because it provides the avenue to reanimate cities, present cultural facilities rejuvenation, and creation of new cultural centers, making cities to be outstanding as compared to other areas. For instance, the Vancouver city has attracted inward investment as a result of cultural tourism. According to Hughes (2000, p.164), there exist mutual benefits between culture and tourism. Tourism generates revenue, which is used to maintain cultural resources from interference from human beings and their activities as a result of pollution.
In recent years, cultural geography has risen consistently to the challenges of re figuring and expanding the research field. Alfred Marshall, the British economists, highlighted the positive impacts that can result from clusters of related firms or industries located in a geographic region (Flew, p. 86). On the other hand, the differing of industries that are creative is because of the externalities arising from industry specialization, occupation and the city diversities (Lorenzen and Frederiksen, p.155). With various diversities in industries, such as, cultural diversity, work force and skilled diversity, cities are able to coordinate among knowledge bases that are diverse. In addition to that, their proximity geographically enhances the distribution of knowledge, ideas and entrepreneurship skills.
Cave’s views on Clustered Cities
Majority of the work in the industries are project based, time-dependent and contractual. This has provoked the transfer of skills across countries and nations thus increasing the diversification of culture. Most of the small and medium scale industries provide work on a regular basis thus acting as talent absorbers of people who are skilled from other areas of the globe (Caves, p.355). Geographically clustered cities are identified as professional and financial services centers as they have high consumption levels of services and goods that are cultural.
Hall’s views on Culture and Development
The urban cities are where government invests thus highly characterized by modern infrastructures. They hold the key industries’ player head offices. Furthermore, the governments have heavily invested cultural cities infrastructure that are characterized by galleries extensive networks, universities, libraries and museums (Hall, p. 7).
Mommaas’s views on Culture and Economics
Cultural clusters nourishment has been perceived as an alternative development source for urban culture. In urban centers and cities, there exists a mixture of functions that promote culture. They range from production, presentation, theatre, arts that are visual, consumption, pop music, new Medias often clustered in various forms that are spatial. Whilst some grouping strategies are based on activities that are either cultural or artistic, individuals have included elements of entertainment and leisure such as restaurants, bars among others. Cultural managers often yearn for expanding and strengthening their market share in an already leisure and cultural competitive market (Mommaas, p.508). In addition to that, urban planners are striving to rejuvenate the urban quarters with the aim of strengthening the creative economy that is local as a result of cultural activities.
Zukin’s views on Culture and Economic
Recently, principal cities have established their festival agendas and museums reopening and development of complex theatres thus making the culture regeneration agenda to move a notch higher. In this context, we identify a move from a policy aiming at occasion organizing. The shift is a form of consumption that is spectacular to a policy that is more fine and tuned. The policy aims at space quarter creating and cultural creativity and production milieus. However, development broadening perspective has stirred a lot of doubt, ambiguities and conflicts. There is a debate regarding the development character, and the involved legislations and motives. Critics are asking various questions. For example, are individuals dealing with an interest that is genuine in the advancement of culture, is there culture or art strategy proper and aims at developing of artistic values that are autonomous. Zukin (p.55) writes that, whatever the cultural developers and producers initial intention, their acts are mere culture functionalisms, exploitation of culture for the purposes of landscape re centralization. Individuals in the new middle-class consume their products. This has eventually led to erosion of actual artistic values via related space commoditization. Some scholars argue that culture and economics are distinct in regard to the growth of a country. On the other hand, political sociologists and political economists see this view as being mutually exclusive. They point a finger at the level of analysis used and the general assumptions of human behavior. They also argue that such arguments fail to provide enough parameters of cultural factors. Previously, there have been attempts to infer the economic performance of a country to its culture, or relate cultural factors with a country’s historic factors. They continue to argue that unless such factors are quantitatively analyzed; it is hard to test such an argument.
In industrializing worlds, cultural values tend to revolve mostly around religion. With industrialization and modernization, cultural values and beliefs become more and more rational, secular and exceptionally open to change. In such a situation, industrialization has a much more role in shaping the culture of a country in the process of modernization. Education development has been identified as significantly aiding economic growths. In general governments influence the culture practiced by a country. Incentives are offered for production of programs and films that present the culture of the people of Canada. This also is a means of promoting industrial growth of Canadian economy. Such a policy protects local industries from collapse and also plays a role in job creation.
Mahroof’s views on Culture and Economic Development
Modern economic models place much emphasis on variables such as investment in human capital, technological advancement, population growth and productivity of these factors in economic growth. Mahroof argues that, there are other controlled factors that influence the economic growth of a country directly. Such factors include social institutions and government policies. These factors are highly essential in defining the environment where growth takes place. Moreover, there are other factors that impact on the factors that facilitate economic growth. Such factors like self control range from one individual to another. Self control affects the saving habits of individuals and feeling and willingness to invest. It is common knowledge that not all people practice saving culture. Self control is a determinant in population growth and investment, in education. Investment in education leads to development of skilled human capital that further leads to economic growth through efficient and effective use of technology. Skilled capital also is responsible for technological innovations (Mahroof, p.16). He continues to say that there are other factors are not directly linked or economic growth but play a significant role in the economic growth. Such factors include an individual’s commitment, and mutual respect among others develops work ethics that in turn promotes cooperation which is a crucial factor in sharing of technology and entrepreneur skills. This in turn promotes business resulting to economic growth. In actual sense, the above factors relate to values, beliefs and norms which are defined by customary beliefs. They, therefore, play a role in economic progress (Mahroof, p.16).
Lian views on Culture and Economics
According to Lian (1997, P.1), most quantitative analyses have omitted the influence of culture on economic development. Instead, they have mostly dwelled on political and economic factors or variables influencing economic development. Such variables are also modeled around values, norms and cultural beliefs of a given country in question. Therefore, when explaining the political and economic development, culture remains a central factor. Lian totally disagrees with Aristotle’s suggestions that diversity presents susceptibility to economic growth. Although, in that light, it was indicated that religious, ethnic and linguistic diversity presents obstacles to economic progress, such factors, may be misguiding.
According to Kayat (2010, p.105), cultural practices play a crucial role in the economic development of a nation. Through cultural tourism, cities are able to expand and stand out, natural resources can be sustained and individuals are proud of showcasing their culture. The appreciation of culture has led to employment of individuals in industries promoting cultural values. Entrepreneurs are enjoying the benefits of cultural diversity, as they are able to develop accommodation areas for tourists. Cultural tourism has enabled the rejuvenation of urban centers. Through cultural activities, there is the intermingling of various people and culture. This is as a result of people being employed in the small and medium scale enterprises that provide goods and services that are culturally based. This has significantly enhanced the diversification of culture further. Nations should strive to create policies that enable the promotion of culture. Museums and other historical sites should be preserved from human interference. However, through modernization, culture is being eroded. The true cultural and artistic values have been interfered. There is a considerable variation in cities portfolio activities in terms of financial management, how they are programmed and their position partially. The clustering of culture has mirrored a condition whereby; the field of culture has been diversified with cultures and arts being reproduced both in the public and private sectors (Granato, Inglehart and Leblang, p. 35).
Methodology
The study will be exploratory and will expound on the perceptions concerning cultural values and their influence on economic development. The project will be focused on the role of cultural variables, values and norms in economic development in larger cities such as Britain, United Kingdom and some rural communities. Such variables include creative governance, connectivity and networking, entertainment and education development. The findings will then be analyzed both qualitatively and empirically to determine whether cultural variable contribute to economic development.
Empirical Analysis
This method will involve incorporating societal cultural factors into an economic baseline endogenous economic growth model. It will then be analyzed using relevant data from the world values survey. This model is preferred because it incorporates both cultural and economic variables.
Qualitative Analysis
Qualitative analysis will be done in order to get in – depth information on cultural geography. Various aspects of cultural activities role will be examined. For instance, how has cultural activities influenced the livelihood of the people in Vancouver? How has it been able to improve a country’s economy?
Conclusion
Culture of a people and economic growth are two inseparable factors. Economic growth of a country is largely believed to be directly related to the elements of culture that affect production of goods and services, investment decisions, technological innovation, resource allocation and openness to trade. Technological innovations are achieved through education systems and institutions. Creative governance that encompasses transparency in government policies and programs has been identified as one of the cultural factors that promote economic growth of Vancouver and the Canadian economy. Cultural values of social and political inclusivity geared towards development have attracted investments furthering cultural diversity, development and job creation. This has also ensured political stability; a condition that is conducive for development and attraction of tourists. This is simply because development takes place in a peaceful environment; free from conflicts.
Diverse culture practiced in Vancouver attracts tourists from all over the world. They earn the country foreign exchange that furthers development programs and activities. Geographical proximity of cities in Canada facilitates sharing of entrepreneur skills, knowledge and technological skills necessary for economic growth. The proximity also offers a variety of cultural sites, music and accommodation that are of high standards. More restaurants and other social places are developed to cater for the needs of the population that includes locals and foreigners. In the process, people are employed to work in this organizations and businesses, hence improving their well being through the salaries that they receive.
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