Goldfish Experiment
Date Lab Report:
Introduction: Introduce the topic. (at least 8 lines)
The introduction should provide background information on the history of the concepts
tested, scientists, theories, and any laws tested in the experiment. It should contain any
prior knowledge on which the experiment is based. At least two sources should be
used. Your lab manual can be considered a source- see literature cite guidelines.
Include and bold your objective here.
Hypothesis: An intelligent guess made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting
point for further investigation- If_ then_ statement.
Procedure: Say what you did. (Exploring the laboratory pg. 13-14)
This section may be written in either paragraphs or numbered steps. Explain the test
design, and allow for pictures and diagrams. The procedure is a detailed statement
(step by step) of how the experiment was performed such that the experiment could be
repeated using your report. Safety precautions that were followed should be stated in
this section. The procedure must be written in the impersonal (3rd person) past tense:
For Example: We are taking the temperature every 2 minutes. NO
The temperature was taken every 2 minutes. YES
Diagram: Create a labeled diagram labeled „Figure 1.1 Apparatus was set up as shown
in this figure?. This should include goldfish, thermometer, crushed ice, 250 ml beaker.
Results: State your data (table 1.1 done in lab) and calculated results.
This is a collection of observations, measurements, multiple trials, data tables, charts,
and repeating steps. This section may consist of quantitative and/or qualitative
observations of the experiment. A qualitative piece of data is a written description and/or
Lab Report Format by Wayne Smart
sketch of what was seen during the experiment. Quantitative information may be in the
form of a table or simply a written description.
*Make a sub heading for Data. One table should be included here labeled „Table 1.1?
which is the data collected during lab session. Bold the row where your data was
contributed and state this in your legend. Then make a sub heading for Calculations.
One table should be included here labeled „Table1.2? with calculated averages. See
example below.
Table 1.2 Average breaths per minute based on data collected from 22°C to 10 °C.
Temp (°C)
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
Avg. Breath Per
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Minute (bpm)
* calculated by dividing the sum of breaths for each temperature by the number of samples collected.
Calculate averages to the nearest whole number.
Graph: Plot two straight lines using your contributed data and average calculated (on
the same graph)
When graphs are required, special attention should be paid to the following items: the
type of graph expected (straight line or curve), utilizing the entire graph paper, plotted
point size, title of the graph, and axis labels.
Plot two straight lines on your graph using the calculated averages and your bolded
results from Tables 1.1 and 1.2. Label this „Figure 2.1 Rate of respiration from 22°C to
10 °C?.
?
?
?
?
Graph can be labeled „Graph of Breaths per Minute vs Temperature?
Label X-axis (independent variable): Temperature (°C)
Label Y-axis (dependent variable): Breaths per Minute (bpm)
Scale: Can be written in the top right corner
For example:
X-axis
Y-axis
?
Scale
1unit = 2 cm
10unit = 1cm
Legend notes should differentiate your group?s data from your calculated
average data.
Lab Report Format by Wayne Smart
Discussion: Explain what the results are telling you. Compare your group?s results to
the class? average. Hypothesize reasons for any abnormalities in your graph, such as
fluctuations.
Conclusion: The conclusion is a concise statement that answers the objective. A
portion of the conclusion should be dedicated to error analysis which discusses any
possible sources of error possible errors in the lab, as well as ways to prevent those
errors in the future. Also accept or reject your hypothesis (one-line sentence that
supports the hypothesis or states that the hypothesis is incorrect). For example, if you
proved the hypothesis that “If I poke myself in the eye, then my eye will hurt”, this first
sentence would be “When I poked myself in the eye, it hurt.” If the hypothesis didn?t
work, an explanation of what possibly went wrong. These should be specific
suggestions (I should have heated the mixture to 550 °C), not general suggestions (I
should have heated it more).
Literature Cited Guidelines: Adopted from Conservation Biology Style Guidelines
Works Cited: Any information borrowed from another source which is not common
knowledge must be cited within the text of the report. All sources of information are to
be listed in the Literature Cited section of the lab report in alphabetical order.
Example Citations Journal articles:
Christensen, N. D., and J. Eu. 2003. Ecology of cranberry bogs: a case study. Ecology
59:1147–1167, 1178–1187.
Author, F. M. 2001. Title of paper. Journal 13(supplement 1):172–180.
If a paper is in press, the “in press” follows the volume number: Ecology 112: in press.
Institutions as authors: Spell out name of the institution and include the publisher?s
location (or the location of the institution, if the institution issued the publication). The
way the institution is cited in the text and in the Literature Cited must be the same.
Institution is spelled out in the text: World Wildlife Fund (WWF). 2002. Home ranges of
giant pandas. WWF, Washington, D.C.
Institution is abbreviated in the text: WWF (World Wildlife Fund). 2002. Home ranges of
giant pandas. WWF, Washington, D.C.
Edited books: Cran, B., C. Boy, and L. Shi. 1911. Native forest birds of Guam. Pages
4–8 in T. Wu and L. Lee, editors. Flora and fauna of Guam. 2nd edition. Tell Books,
Ace, Ohio.
Lab Report Format by Wayne Smart
Reports: Barnes, J., and S. Craig. 2003. Conservation status of riparian areas in
southeastern Oregon. General technical report N-24. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Portland, Oregon.
Online journals:
No digital object identifier (DOI): Sandringham, J. 2006. Effects of urbanization of
agricultural land on an endemic moth, rosemary pink. Ecology and Society 3:
http://EcologySociety . . . . /art5.
Has DOI: Hunstanton, V. 2008. Effects of deep-sea injection of carbon dioxide. Deep
Ocean Research DOI: 1976xxi27in2.
No access dates are needed for citations of online journals.
Internet sources other than journals: Include the name of the organization hosting
the Web site, their geographical location, and an access date.
Carne, A. 2003. The art of leaving well enough alone. National Science Teachers
Association, Washington, D.C. Available from
http:www.nsta.org/art2/scienceandchildren (accessed March 2002).
Temp 22 20 18 16 14 12 10
Team 1 115 120 60 100 88 83 76
2 – 121 79 92 75 69 54
3 60 57 97 60 54 55 46
4 – 103 87 70 58 45 38
5 140 80 76 44 35 66 52
6 79 74 53 52 66 46 49
7 113 106 85 105 83 65 60
8 102 92 81 72 54 45 41
Total
Average
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