History of the United States from early cultures to Reconstruction
Introduction
America has a long history that dates back to the colonial period. The history of America can be traced back in the year 1492. It was declared independent in the year 1776. However, most historians have concentrated on the years starting from the early 19th century. This is the period that is regarded as the most important part of the American history. The basic political, economic and social development of America before 1877 will be examined in this paper.
Federalism
The years of federal government in America led by Thomas Jefferson were characterized by tension and fear. The stability of America was in doubt because it was torn by internal contradiction. There existed a class of people who were regarded as permanently poor. This was a group that was feared would demonstrate during the time of revolutionary violence. In 1802, Fisher Ames stated that it is difficult to control the power of people. Therefore, if these people were to hold demonstrations, it was going to be difficult for the government to control them; and this was the greatest fear that would cause instability during revolution. Americans were determined to make a choice on who the democrats are. According to H.L. Mencken, democrats are those people who believed in the right for self governance. He also described the democrats as those who believed in the right to rebel against governors. Most democrats believed in the former. They opposed the federal government and they claimed that they were being treated with little respect by the government .
Political developments
Philadelphia was the capital city of the U. S. in the years between 1790 and 1800. It was then transferred to Lancaster in the year 1799. Later in 1812, the capital was moved to Harrisburg. Federalist government was supported nationally but later came under criticism especially in at the time when Jefferson came up with the Democrat-Republican Party. The party won the election of 1800 and Jefferson became the president ruling until 1808.
In the year 1838, the constitution of America was revised. The new constitution came to being in the same year and it reduced the powers of the governors. It however increased the number of elective members as well as reducing the number of years that one stayed in office. In the 1850s there was a split whereby the southern part of America became supporters of the Democratic Party while the Northern part was supporting the Republican. The south was in support of industrialization. The republican became dominant in the year 1860 and Abraham Lincoln became the president .
Economic and social development
Jefferson government was criticized both by the international community and the home community. Particularly, the British government was critical to America and it refused to honor the peace treaty of 1783. The economy of America was deteriorating. Poor people continued to increase. In 1810 there were slums in Boston. The living conditions in New York were poor. The environment was swampy and unhealthy for human living. Child labor was common especially before industrialization and in the early years of industrialization. The American economy was driven by agriculture and the poor would work for the estate owners. However, agriculture started to seize towards the mid 19th century when industrialization started to take over. Industrialization in America can be dated back to the years between 1830- 1865 .
Conclusion
There is a long history characterized by events that happened in America during the early culture years. America history went through a series of changes in the years before the civil war. It improved from the unstable government to a more stable government.
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