Question No.1
Industrial revolution brought about a set phase of desire to have resources which continuously affected the peoples living styles. Unrestricted use large quantities of sodium carbonate caused major pollutions and unprecedented environmental degradation. The effect is that huge heaps of waste products were deposited in water masses hence endangering lives of people. It was in those conditions that people worked while others died in them. The problems associated with pollution were kick started by the emergence of industrialization were production of industrial goods was more important than the environment at the time. It is at this time that cities grew in size and the use of coal in cooking and heating was increased tremendously.
The worst conditions of industrializations were experienced in London which was by the time the biggest city. London fogs were first experienced which were a major hazard to the health of the people at the time. Diseases such as lung cancer were experienced. In December 1873 deaths of severe fog were recorded and with time, the pattern of deaths became more pronounced due to increase of the smoke pollution. It is estimated that by 1840 and 1900 about 1.4 million people died as a direct result of smoke pollution in urban areas. In United States the same pollution story greatly affected towns such as Pittsburgh. In America the first measures to restrict pollution were set up in 1940 during the First World War. With the threat on the existence of humanity by the said smoke measures to bring regulation were put in place. In 1946 industrial regulations were put in place which was followed by domestic regulations in 1947. The need for resources clearly brought surprising negative effects on the environment.
The results of pollution were that many diseases and effects associated with pollution resulted to death. Many areas were with the pollution turned to poisoned waste lands which could not benefit man anymore. In one century of destructive industrial pollution, the vegetation specifically in the Lower Swansea valley resulted into destruction of all vegetation and huge piles of materials considered toxic to humanity. Regeneration project which took place in 1960s is said to have made some places unfit for any type of housing (Ponting &Clive, 356).At a time when the industries were set up almost in every urban Centre, the wastes were directed into every river and with time industries were located at the river banks. This was essentially, to make the dumping of waste products in the river easy. The mixture of the chemicals with the river water proved harmful to environment.
The changes brought by the pollution of water masses triggered the power of nature to influence the fate of humanity. First Chemicals from the industries were deposited in water killed all life in the water masses and greatly endangered human lives. In some places, it was said that in some parts rivers would catch fire and the water was dark enough to write reports. Fishes in the rivers died and other aquatic species. Massive pollution hindered the events which took place in the water bodies. Swimming and other events which are water related stopped for sometime. The greatest environmental catastrophic experiences when the Soviet block was dumping the sludge in water untreated hence raising the water levels. It is clear that the power of nature greatly made the fate of human beings become unbearable due to the pollution occasioned.
The scale of protection in the international agreements has led to some protections though they are not conclusive. The international agreements have proved more complex than it was expected. The complexity in the enforcing the international regulations has been a major stumbling block. Reconciling the different international legislations with the national interests has been a puzzle lacking a clear answer. In the question of regulating pollution from reaching the ozone layer, it was agreeable but on global warming states has vehemently expressed their reservations on such legislation.
From the outset, it is imperative to note that the United Nationals Intergovernmental Climate Change has had an uphill task in seeking explanations which are to prove that Climate changes are attributed to artificial induced global warming. The anti Global warming regulations have strongly argued that global warming has a slight relation to activities of human beings hence the notion that global warming is a natural climate variability issue. What makes it extremely hard top implement the laws which are made both in the national and the international arena is the fact that balancing economic interests. At a time when environmental concerns are placed before environmental issues it will be hard to have a unifying regulation (Ponting &Clive,388). The seriousness on having a world with healthy climate is not an easy one to predict since there is lack of a consensus among many countries on what should be done to limit climatic degradation. It is certainly clear why major legislations have not been taken seriously. Governments usually gave priority to economic advancements instead preservation of environment.
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