Statistics project
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
You are working for a large manufacturing firm on the marketing and price communications team. You should choose an inventive name for your firm and one for your team that should appear on the title page of the report. Your team has been assigned the task of performing a market analysis of the potential sales of Hapax writing instruments (or an item or service of your choice) and producing a descriptive summary report of the sales potential of the traditional (Legacy) and newly-designed (New) products. Data on the regions, product types, items, sales prices, and sales potentials for products A, B, C, and D are included in the spreadsheet entitled Project Data S15.xlsx in BbLearn under the Semester Project icon. To make a recommendation as to which product the firm should vigorously pursue in its marketing program in the region of the Americas, you will need to perform statistical analyses of the sales potential of the various types of products the firm manufactures. Your firm is risk seeking, and the directors would like to maximize profits in the long-run. To make your recommendation(s), you will need to perform the following operations:
1. Disaggregate the data so as to obtain information for the Americas region alone, for Legacy and New products, and by types A, B, C, and D.
2. Obtain and contrast the descriptive statistics, and perform exploratory data analysis on Legacy product types A, B, C, and D for the three projected sales dates.
3. Repeat Part 2 above for New products.
4. Prepare a summary table of the results for Legacy and New product types A, B, C, and D.
Recall that your firm is risk seeking and would like to maximize profits in the long-run. Based upon this and your summary results for the descriptive data analysis, you should be able to narrow down your selection for a recommendation as to which product type should be vigorously marketed in the Americas region. This should be based upon the rules relating to returns, absolute risks and relative risks. In the end, your team should make one recommendation as to the product (Legacy or New) and the product type (A, B, C, and D) that the firm should strongly promote in the Americas region.
Appended to your report should be all appropriate tables, charts, and descriptive statistical information obtained from your team’s analyses. Do not forget to include your recommendation in the report. Make sure you adhere closely to the requirements stated in the Report Guidelines icon link found under Projects.
You must cover all the analyses outlined in the paragraphs above, but you will generate too much information to present in the five page limit of the body of your paper. You may use more than five pages in the body of the report, but there will be 5 points deducted from your final report grade for each page beyond five pages. You must decide on a focus or emphasis which shows intuition and initiative in the use of the data.
Grading Rubric: Below is the rubric that will be used to grade your project report. Do not use the Criteria titles below as outlines in your report. Instead, use some meaningful section and sub-section titles to organize your report.
Criteria Level of Achievement
Expectations 5 4 3 2 1
Title
Page
(x1)
Includes: (1) initiative and inventiveness, (2) Company name, (3) Team name, section, and number, (4) Team members, (5) Date. Includes all (1)-(5) Missing one of (2)-(5) Missing (4) or Missing 2 of (2),(3), and (5) Missing 3 of (2)-(5) Missing all of (2)-(5)
Executive Summary
(x3) Correct (1) description of who you are and of the problem, (2) description of the sample including sample size(s) and (3) recommendation, (4) recommendations backed up by summary statistics (but not referenced). Includes all (1)-(4) Missing one of (1), (2) or (4). *Missing (3) or
*Missing two of (1), (2) or (4). *Missing one of (1) or (2) and missing (3) or
*Missing three of (1), (2) or (4) or
*Use the executive summary as an introduction to the paper. Missing all (1)-(4)
Sample Description
(x1) Correct description of (1) what the data set consists of, (2) sample size, (3) variables available. Includes all (1)-(3). Missing one of
(1)-(3). Missing two of (1)-(3). Minimal description of (1)-(3). Missing all (1)-(3).
Analysis of Excel Output
(x2) Correct explanation of all the (1) Excel output and (2) graphical representation. Includes more than 90% of (1) and (2). *Includes more than 75% but less than 90% of (1) and (2) or
*Includes more than 90% of (1) or (2). *Includes more than 50% but less than 75% of (1) and (2) or
*Includes more than 75% but less than 90% of (1) or (2). *Includes more than 25% but less than 50% of (1) and (2) or
*Includes more than 50% but less than 75% of (1) or (2). *Includes less than 25% of (1) and (2) or
*Includes less than 50% of (1) or (2).
Interpretations
(x3) Accurate interpretations of (1) standard deviation (absolute risk), (2) average return (mean), (3) coefficient of variation (relative risk) and (4) one other summary statistics. Includes all (1)-(4). Missing one of (1)-(4). Missing two of (1)-(4). Minimal interpretation of (1)-(4). Missing all (1)-(4).
Recommendation
(x2) 1. Correct recommendation.
2. Summary statistics that support your team’s recommendation and referenced to the Appendix tables.
3. Recommendation is made using risk and expected return analyses. Includes all (1)-(6) *Includes (1)-(3) but missing one of (4)-(6) or
*Missing one of (1)-(3) but includes (4)-(6). *Missing one of (1)-(3) and missing one of (4)-(6) or
*Missing two of (1)-(3) but includes (4)-(6). Includes (1)-(3) but missing two or three of (4)-(6). Missing all (1)-(6).
Overall Presentation and Organization
(x1) 1. Use of headings/subheadings
2. Logical sequence of paragraphs
3. Transition sentences used effectively
4. Consistent style
5. Contents are professionally presented. Neither personal pronouns nor contractions used.
6. Meet the requirements stated under the Report Writing Guidelines. Includes all (1)-(5). Missing one or two of (1)-(5). Missing three of (1)-(5). Missing four of (1)-(5). *Missing all (1)-(5).
*Missing (6)
Mechanics and References
(x1) 1. No more than 1 spelling mistake per page.
2. No more than 2 grammar mistake per page.
3. No more than 1 error in citation per page. No referencing in the Executive Summary.
4. No more than 2 errors in punctuation per page.
5. No more than 1 incorrect use of word per page. Includes all (1)-(5). Missing one or two of (1)-(5). *Missing three of (1)-(5).
*Missing (3). Missing four of (1)-(5). Missing all (1)-(5).
Appendix
(x4) 1. Each appendix needs a title. The 1st one is for referenced material. The 2nd for unreferenced material required by the project. Separate appendices for tables and charts.
2. Appendix items need to be numbered with “Table” or “Chart” in a descriptive title.
3. Appendix needs to be formatted so that no item will run over a single page.
4. Each item in each appendix needs a clear annotation.
5. Each item in each appendix is properly referenced in the body of the paper unless it is not part of Appendix 1. Includes all (1)-(5). Missing one of (1)-(5). Missing two or three of (1)-(5). Missing (4). Missing (4) and at least one other of (1)-(5).
Initiative
(x2) 1. Creative way of organizing the paper.
2. Creative way of organizing the appendix
3. Creative way of selecting a focus.
4. Include at least one other thing that is not required by the project. Includes all (1)-(4). Includes three of (1)-(4). Includes two of (1)-(4) Includes one of (1)-(4) Missing all (1)-(4)
Product Type Item Sales Price Projected Sales 2016 (in thousands) Projected Sales 2021 (in thousands) Projected Sales 2026 (in thousands)
Legacy A $948 9 0.8 6.4
Legacy A $797 8.5 7.8 3.2
Legacy A $984 13 11.2 8.6
Legacy A $494 8 7.5 8.1
Legacy A $1,232 10.2 14.1 8.3
Legacy A $487 15.5 12.6 8.9
Legacy A $523 10.8 11.4 7.6
Legacy A $638 7.5 12.8 7.2
Legacy A $809 4.4 10.3 6.6
Legacy A $1,259 15.4 6.6 5
Legacy A $463 11.2 9.3 4.5
Legacy A $679 13.7 9.6 5.5
Legacy A $1,071 9.6 11.7 5.6
Legacy A $891 3.3 7.8 5.3
Legacy A $1,160 14 6 4.3
Legacy A $1,197 10.3 9.7 6.5
Legacy A $1,010 -3.9 9.4 5.4
Legacy A $762 7.7 9.7 5.1
Legacy A $1,056 5.7 6 1.7
Legacy A $811 -2 7.9 3.9
Legacy A $1,026 -3.3 3 1.1
Legacy A $697 4.1 7.4 2
Legacy A $1,081 13.4 7.1 2.8
Legacy A $1,000 10.3 7.7 2.3
Legacy A $617 1.6 5.1 1.1
Legacy A $661 16.4 7.7 4.1
Legacy A $1,065 7.4 6.2 3.1
Legacy A $643 5.5 5.3 1.7
Legacy A $1,144 6.3 7 3
Legacy A $1,165 11.4 9.7 4.8
Legacy A $1,229 10.8 6.8 3.1
Legacy A $1,120 11.4 6.7 3.3
Legacy A $687 -3.5 7.2 4.6
Legacy A $939 9 7.6 2.4
Legacy A $528 0 7.3 2.7
Legacy A $607 5.3 6.1 2.1
Legacy A $760 10.8 8.2 3.5
Legacy A $919 16.9 8.7 4
Legacy A $913 8.4 5.9 2.7
Legacy A $566 -0.3 2.5 2.9
Legacy A $718 5.4 5.6 1.1
Legacy A $526 -1 6.9 2
Legacy A $626 11.3 10.1 2.4
Legacy A $736 6.1 6.5 2.9 leg A-2016 leg A-2021 leg A-2026
Legacy A $1,285 3.9 6.8 1.6
Legacy A $806 -1.8 2.1 0.5 Mean 7.170689655 Mean 7.027586207 Mean 3.24137931
Legacy A $1,100 1.8 3.9 -0.2 Standard Error 0.691469973 Standard Error 0.396519897 Standard Error 0.346777006
Legacy A $1,144 7.8 5 0.8 Median 7.6 Median 6.95 Median 2.9
Legacy A $900 14.1 4 0.7 Mode 10.8 Mode 9.7 Mode 1.1
Legacy A $940 7.5 7 1.5 Standard Deviation 5.266078424 Standard Deviation 3.019805565 Standard Deviation 2.640974998
Legacy A $1,038 6.2 4.6 0.5 Sample Variance 27.73158197 Sample Variance 9.11922565 Sample Variance 6.974748941
Legacy A $858 4.6 6.1 0.7 Kurtosis -0.436367328 Kurtosis 2.486398228 Kurtosis 1.043997633
Legacy A $586 8.9 6.1 -0.4 Skewness -0.350182932 Skewness -0.558924322 Skewness -0.034571365
Legacy A $520 5.2 5.2 1.3 Range 20.8 Range 18.1 Range 14.3
Legacy A $1,218 -1.1 -4 -5.4 Minimum -3.9 Minimum -4 Minimum -5.4
Legacy A $1,271 5.9 4.1 0.1 Maximum 16.9 Maximum 14.1 Maximum 8.9
Legacy A $889 6.5 5.8 1 Sum 415.9 Sum 407.6 Sum 188
Legacy A $818 10.8 6.4 1.9 Count 58 Count 58 Count 58
Legacy B $557 18.6 11.2 2.1
Legacy B $672 1.4 9.7 3.2
Legacy B $1,276 9.4 8.8 2.5
Legacy B $1,048 11.6 10.3 6.4
Legacy B $728 7.1 10.2 8
Legacy B $565 8.6 7.8 10 legacy B-2016 legacy B-2021 leg B-2026
Legacy B $755 6.9 8.4 6.7
Legacy B $597 9.4 11.3 6.3 Mean 7.110344828 Mean 7.256896552 Mean 2.743103448
Legacy B $464 8 10.1 4.3 Standard Error 0.616802881 Standard Error 0.32495625 Standard Error 0.341105211
Legacy B $994 12.4 8 5 Median 7.4 Median 7.1 Median 2.85
Legacy B $771 16.3 8.5 5 Mode 9.4 Mode 6.7 Mode 2.1
Legacy B $1,163 12.4 8.2 4.6 Standard Deviation 4.697430789 Standard Deviation 2.474793067 Standard Deviation 2.597779894
Legacy B $664 5.7 10.8 4.1 Sample Variance 22.06585602 Sample Variance 6.124600726 Sample Variance 6.748460375
Legacy B $934 8.1 10.8 5.7 Kurtosis 1.271696945 Kurtosis 3.45785656 Kurtosis 2.287175436
Legacy B $1,265 14.6 8.2 5.8 Skewness -0.422590634 Skewness -1.055976504 Skewness -0.372805351
Legacy B $980 3.2 9.4 5.2 Range 25.1 Range 14.3 Range 16.1
Legacy B $656 13.1 8.4 4.7 Minimum -6.5 Minimum -2.8 Minimum -6.1
Legacy B $765 6.5 9.2 4.9 Maximum 18.6 Maximum 11.5 Maximum 10
Legacy B $773 6.6 8.1 3.2 Sum 412.4 Sum 420.9 Sum 159.1
Legacy B $790 14 9.1 2.5 Count 58 Count 58 Count 58
Legacy B $1,189 -1.6 3.4 1.7
Legacy B $508 -5.5 3.2 3.1
Legacy B $1,235 10.5 6.7 3.5
Legacy B $530 9.7 6.7 3.6
Legacy B $1,037 5.9 8.3 3.4
Legacy B $1,099 9 6.1 1.2
Legacy B $517 7.9 11.5 1.5 leg C-2016 leg C-2021 leg C -2026
Legacy B $1,229 4.4 6.8 2.5
Legacy B $1,078 8.2 8.4 2.2 Mean 7.15 Mean 6.915517241 Mean 2.703448276
Legacy B $824 2.9 4.3 1.4 Standard Error 0.54115698 Standard Error 0.448846082 Standard Error 0.50476235
Legacy B $475 10.6 6.4 2.8 Median 7.65 Median 6.65 Median 2.75
Legacy B $1,001 7.8 6.3 1.2 Mode 7.8 Mode 6.2 Mode 2.5
Legacy B $737 5.2 5.1 3.1 Standard Deviation 4.121328776 Standard Deviation 3.41830992 Standard Deviation 3.844155533
Legacy B $598 14.4 9.3 2.9 Sample Variance 16.98535088 Sample Variance 11.68484271 Sample Variance 14.77753176
Legacy B $801 4.1 9.1 3.5 Kurtosis 2.076469298 Kurtosis 14.65069386 Kurtosis 13.41336526
Legacy B $1,143 7.7 6.8 2.1 Skewness -0.923529661 Skewness -2.713010187 Skewness -2.493501064
Legacy B $700 2.6 5.7 3.3 Range 22 Range 24.9 Range 29.3
Legacy B $1,161 10.1 8.1 1.9 Minimum -8 Minimum -11.7 Minimum -17.6
Legacy B $495 8.4 5.5 2.1 Maximum 14 Maximum 13.2 Maximum 11.7
Legacy B $731 7.2 7.5 3.7 Sum 414.7 Sum 401.1 Sum 156.8
Legacy B $875 -6.5 6.8 3.7 Count 58 Count 58 Count 58
Legacy B $1,108 -0.5 7.1 0.9
Legacy B $970 5.8 9.1 2.8
Legacy B $675 9 7.1 3.4
Legacy B $702 5 6.7 3.7
Legacy B $492 7.5 5.4 0.9
Legacy B $1,225 6.3 4.7 1 leg D-2016 leg D-2021 leg D-2026
Legacy B $881 4 6.7 0.7
Legacy B $633 4.6 5.1 -0.8 Mean 6.728070175 Mean 7.366666667 Mean 2.824561404
Legacy B $548 7.3 5.9 1 Standard Error 0.683252736 Standard Error 0.497879799 Standard Error 0.469704226
Legacy B $1,154 8.9 3.7 -0.9 Median 7.2 Median 7.9 Median 2.7
Legacy B $491 6.1 3.9 -1.1 Mode 12.3 Mode 9.3 Mode 1.5
Legacy B $854 5.3 5.6 -6.1 Standard Deviation 5.158445031 Standard Deviation 3.75891005 Standard Deviation 3.546189137
Legacy B $1,152 9.6 6 1.8 Sample Variance 26.60955514 Sample Variance 14.12940476 Sample Variance 12.57545739
Legacy B $607 9.3 6.9 0.5 Kurtosis 1.443204509 Kurtosis 11.61028143 Kurtosis 15.46646738
Legacy B $760 4.8 5.5 -0.1 Skewness -0.916600736 Skewness -2.343028414 Skewness -2.711433245
Legacy B $1,269 2.6 5.8 0.2 Range 24.4 Range 26.9 Range 25.1
Legacy B $719 -0.1 -2.8 -3.4 Minimum -9 Minimum -11.9 Minimum -16.6
Legacy C $560 0.6 3.5 11.7 Maximum 15.4 Maximum 15 Maximum 8.5
Legacy C $1,120 8.4 9.5 2.5 Sum 383.5 Sum 419.9 Sum 161
Legacy C $938 13.1 10.4 6.3 Count 57 Count 57 Count 57
Legacy C $561 10.9 12.4 8
Legacy C $462 9.1 13.2 7.9
Legacy C $1,128 6.6 9.2 7.4
Legacy C $947 14 10.2 6.2
Legacy C $798 11.2 10.2 6.5
Legacy C $770 5.8 6.2 6.7
Legacy C $749 11.7 9.3 5.1
Legacy C $507 13.2 8.9 4.7 New A-2016 new A-2021 new A-2026
Legacy C $1,083 12.4 9.6 4.6
Legacy C $475 13 8.9 4.5 Mean 16.82962963 Mean 12.09454545 Mean 8.296363636
Legacy C $616 7.8 10.7 5.8 Standard Error 0.384051643 Standard Error 0.302062698 Standard Error 0.308149289
Legacy C $646 9.2 9.7 5.6 Median 16.85 Median 12.4 Median 8.4
Legacy C $495 9.2 9.3 4.1 Mode 16.6 Mode 12.8 Mode 8.8
Legacy C $1,176 2.7 7.7 5.3 Standard Deviation 2.822191683 Standard Deviation 2.240156921 Standard Deviation 2.285296288
Legacy C $507 12.6 10.1 4.2 Sample Variance 7.964765898 Sample Variance 5.01830303 Sample Variance 5.222579125
Legacy C $462 8.1 6 3.7 Kurtosis 0.728771012 Kurtosis 0.96380199 Kurtosis 0.532999391
Legacy C $631 7.3 8.2 3 Skewness -0.828955298 Skewness -0.439772126 Skewness 0.223122213
Legacy C $1,178 3.3 3.2 1.5 Range 13 Range 11.5 Range 10.4
Legacy C $995 3 5.5 1 Minimum 8.2 Minimum 6.5 Minimum 3.6
Legacy C $861 11.4 7.3 3.8 Maximum 21.2 Maximum 18 Maximum 14
Legacy C $716 4.6 7.9 3.4 Sum 908.8 Sum 665.2 Sum 456.3
Legacy C $863 3.5 5.7 2.5 Count 54 Count 55 Count 55
Legacy C $595 8.3 8 2.4
Legacy C $861 9.1 8.8 4.2
Legacy C $1,037 13.8 7.9 3
Legacy C $621 7.8 7.8 3.6
Legacy C $634 8.9 6.7 2.5
Legacy C $803 10.1 6.1 2.7 new B-2016 new B-2021 New B-2026
Legacy C $646 1.4 4 2.8
Legacy C $889 4.7 8.9 2.5 Mean 17.19090909 Mean 12.17636364 Mean 8.403636364
Legacy C $906 9.4 8.7 2 Standard Error 0.448651348 Standard Error 0.340962824 Standard Error 0.294071198
Legacy C $1,191 7.1 5.9 2.2 Median 17.7 Median 12.4 Median 8.3
Legacy C $1,132 7.5 6.2 2.7 Mode 21 Mode 11 Mode 7.7
Legacy C $515 6.6 5.5 3.8 Standard Deviation 3.327287446 Standard Deviation 2.52864798 Standard Deviation 2.180890375
Legacy C $813 6.3 5.7 1.2 Sample Variance 11.07084175 Sample Variance 6.394060606 Sample Variance 4.756282828
Legacy C $1,251 9.5 10.6 3.5 Kurtosis 0.019974642 Kurtosis -0.300350579 Kurtosis 2.18727205
Legacy C $551 6.8 4.3 2.6 Skewness -0.628854114 Skewness -0.234935454 Skewness -0.703785213
Legacy C $785 9.5 7.9 2.4 Range 14.9 Range 10.6 Range 12.7
Legacy C $798 6.4 5.7 1.7 Minimum 8.3 Minimum 6.8 Minimum 0.5
Legacy C $815 3.6 8.6 3 Maximum 23.2 Maximum 17.4 Maximum 13.2
Legacy C $814 10.2 6.1 3.1 Sum 945.5 Sum 669.7 Sum 462.2
Legacy C $979 7.8 5.6 0.3 Count 55 Count 55 Count 55
Legacy C $464 -2 4.1 0.6
Legacy C $671 4.7 3.1 -0.7
Legacy C $813 5.9 5.8 1.4
Legacy C $832 3.3 4.8 0
Legacy C $902 7.9 5.5 -0.2 New C -2016 New C-2021 New C-2026
Legacy C $967 7.5 6.2 0.6
Legacy C $1,185 1.1 3.1 0.1 Mean 18.30925926 Mean 12.05740741 Mean 8.122222222
Legacy C $594 -8 -11.7 -17.6 Standard Error 0.360654624 Standard Error 0.344423498 Standard Error 0.291333792
Legacy C $974 5.3 5.4 -5.9 Median 18.45 Median 12.05 Median 7.7
Legacy C $1,246 8.6 4.3 -0.9 Mode 19.2 Mode 14.9 Mode 7.7
Legacy C $1,248 6.9 6 0.8 Standard Deviation 2.650259405 Standard Deviation 2.530985478 Standard Deviation 2.140857408
Legacy C $1,023 1.8 6.6 -0.4 Sample Variance 7.023874913 Sample Variance 6.405887491 Sample Variance 4.58327044
Legacy C $784 4.2 6.1 0.8 Kurtosis -0.202968736 Kurtosis -0.387754055 Kurtosis -0.210252567
Legacy D $567 4.6 4.6 1.1 Skewness -0.305530212 Skewness -0.285650912 Skewness 0.280707364
Legacy D $780 6.9 9.3 0.9 Range 12.2 Range 10.2 Range 9.5
Legacy D $753 14.7 12.1 8.1 Minimum 11.2 Minimum 6.8 Minimum 3.7
Legacy D $758 10.3 10.7 8 Maximum 23.4 Maximum 17 Maximum 13.2
Legacy D $1,264 12.3 15 7.7 Sum 988.7 Sum 651.1 Sum 438.6
Legacy D $789 12.3 11 6.2 Count 54 Count 54 Count 54
Legacy D $917 8.6 12 7.3
Legacy D $977 12.3 13 8.4
Legacy D $807 6.5 9.4 5.4
Legacy D $907 7.2 6.3 5.4
Legacy D $1,284 14.2 12.3 7.1
Legacy D $694 12.4 10.2 5.3 New D -2016 New D -2021 New D-2026
Legacy D $1,258 13.2 9.6 4
Legacy D $1,105 8.7 8.7 3.8 Mean 17.63818182 Mean 12.49454545 Mean 8.050909091
Legacy D $1,039 9.7 7.9 3.8 Standard Error 0.452679943 Standard Error 0.282597597 Standard Error 0.296408044
Legacy D $1,299 9.7 8.3 4.5 Median 18.2 Median 12.6 Median 7.7
Legacy D $839 6.7 9.5 8.5 Mode 19.8 Mode 14.9 Mode 7.3
Legacy D $954 6.6 9.8 5.3 Standard Deviation 3.357164308 Standard Deviation 2.095799872 Standard Deviation 2.198220891
Legacy D $800 4.2 6.5 1.5 Sample Variance 11.27055219 Sample Variance 4.392377104 Sample Variance 4.832175084
Legacy D $839 7.9 7.5 2.7 Kurtosis -0.55871986 Kurtosis -0.339960859 Kurtosis 1.35308221
Legacy D $481 8.4 6.1 1.7 Skewness -0.190326895 Skewness 0.09990809 Skewness -0.221719998
Legacy D $694 3.7 6.6 3.6 Range 14.7 Range 9.5 Range 11.8
Legacy D $972 15.4 9.7 4 Minimum 10 Minimum 7.9 Minimum 2.1
Legacy D $1,215 2.6 6.5 1.2 Maximum 24.7 Maximum 17.4 Maximum 13.9
Legacy D $617 13.1 8.2 3.4 Sum 970.1 Sum 687.2 Sum 442.8
Legacy D $651 7.2 6.6 1.3 Count 55 Count 55 Count 55
Legacy D $1,077 4.9 6.8 4.1
Legacy D $1,108 8.4 5.3 2.4
Legacy D $891 2.3 8.5 2.9
Legacy D $948 9.2 6.9 2.8
Legacy D $765 1.5 8 2.4
Legacy D $1,160 4.3 3.2 2.7
Legacy D $1,073 6.5 9.9 2.5
Legacy D $1,033 7.5 9.7 2.4
Legacy D $927 8 5.4 1.4
Legacy D $637 10.3 8.2 2.6
Legacy D $817 10.9 9.3 3.6
Legacy D $661 12 7.7 3.9
Legacy D $550 14.1 8 3.5
Legacy D $663 -5.1 3.6 3.1
Legacy D $587 5.3 8.5 3
Legacy D $953 4 8.8 2
Legacy D $1,222 4.6 6 1.5
Legacy D $743 4.7 9.6 4.6
Legacy D $550 -9 7 0.3
Legacy D $1,058 2.7 5.1 -0.1
Legacy D $794 8.9 6.1 1.3
Legacy D $792 -2.4 0.3 -1
Legacy D $717 5 4.7 -0.1
Legacy D $985 5.9 5.8 1.4
Legacy D $521 4.5 8.7 1.5
Legacy D $828 2.6 2.3 -1.1
Legacy D $784 9.6 6 1.6
Legacy D $756 -8 -11.9 -16.6
Legacy D $1,209 8.6 5.5 0.7
Legacy D $1,266 0.1 5.8 1.2
Legacy D $587 2.2 3.7 0.3
New A $994 18.8 14.1 9.4
New A $1,143 21.2 18 12.2
New A $1,158 18.5 12.5 9.9
New A $930 16.6 12.8 10.2
New A $1,097 17.1 15.3 9.9
New A $1,070 13.4 13.6 14
New A $1,009 16.5 13.2 13.1
New A $643 20.6 15.8 10.5
New A $453 16.6 14.7 13.9
New A $959 16.6 12.8 9.9
New A $851 18.2 12.6 11.2
New A $463 16.6 14.4 9.3
New A $683 18.7 13 10.3
New A $1,184 20.6 11.1 7.7
New A $856 15.6 13.2 9.2
New A $573 15.6 10.7 7.3
New A $988 17.7 13.3 9
New A $1,222 19.1 13 8.7
New A $862 20 12.8 8.8
New A $689 17.4 12.8 9
New A $1,087 20.5 14.9 8.8
New A $1,201 19.5 11.7 7.9
New A $480 19 12.4 8
New A $987 18.4 14.2 10.3
New A $1,257 19.6 12.2 8.8
New A $678 18.9 15.4 9.8
New A $1,257 19.7 12.3 8.5
New A $840 18.5 11.9 7.8
New A $1,117 16 11.7 7.6
New A $950 18.1 12.4 6.6
New A $1,000 19.5 10.7 6.6
New A $563 15.6 11.6 6.5
New A $531 16 11.5 7.4
New A $1,011 8.2 12.1 8.8
New A $729 15.5 11.1 7.4
New A $1,041 14.4 11.5 8.1
New A $910 15.2 12.3 9
New A $587 20.8 13 8.3
New A $901 16.4 10.4 6.6
New A $984 18.1 13.9 10.2
New A $587 16.1 12.4 8.4
New A $1,084 14.1 11.3 8.8
New A $686 17.8 13.5 7.9
New A $686 13.2 9.8 6.4
New A $537 17.9 6.5 4.2
New A $1,102 16.4 9.9 7.1
New A $602 14.6 9.1 6.1
New A $798 20.2 12.3 6.9
New A $512 14.2 6.7 4
New A $574 9.9 10.1 6.1
New A $468 12.9 12.9 6.3
New A $1,183 11.6 7.7 5.6
New A $956 11.9 10.9 3.6
New A $658 14.7 7.3 3.7
New A $846 11.8 7.9 4.7
New B $917 21 14.7 10.3
New B $454 18.7 15.7 12
New B $711 19 15.4 11.3
New B $679 15.1 17.4 11.1
New B $1,165 16.7 14.4 10.8
New B $587 20 15.8 11.5
New B $1,226 20.4 14.4 9.6
New B $850 21 14.8 11.8
New B $722 19.7 17 13.2
New B $976 19.3 12.9 10.8
New B $542 18.4 15.4 10.6
New B $1,110 15.1 13 10.5
New B $1,282 18.5 13.5 9.2
New B $1,270 16.2 10.5 7.9
New B $1,102 19.7 12.8 8.7
New B $953 14.6 10.8 8.1
New B $799 20.4 13.3 7.7
New B $799 15.1 12.7 9.4
New B $1,055 19.8 15 9.8
New B $495 14.8 11 8.5
New B $731 16.6 10 8.6
New B $738 12 12.3 8.3
New B $937 19.8 13.3 7.5
New B $989 17.8 15.2 9.9
New B $1,277 20.1 11 8.1
New B $857 15.9 10.8 8
New B $535 11.7 12.9 7.8
New B $1,287 20.4 13 7.7
New B $764 17.6 11 7.8
New B $943 18.4 11.4 7.5
New B $899 20.7 13.8 9.7
New B $1,221 19.3 11 8.7
New B $1,035 15.8 12.4 10.3
New B $1,260 13.7 6.8 8.2
New B $692 19.3 12.2 9.3
New B $743 17.7 10.6 7.5
New B $470 8.3 6.9 6.9
New B $1,297 22.9 14.6 9.1
New B $701 15.3 10.7 7.7
New B $959 14.3 12.2 9
New B $934 16 13.2 9.6
New B $559 19.3 12.4 8.6
New B $1,259 18.7 11.7 7.2
New B $567 13.6 9.6 5.9
New B $1,033 21 12.3 6.6
New B $887 21 12.6 7
New B $1,135 16.9 9.3 5.9
New B $743 14.1 10.1 6.9
New B $867 16.6 10.2 5.7
New B $702 23.2 14.6 6.6
New B $969 17.6 9.5 6.7
New B $962 9.6 9 5.7
New B $1,244 10.3 8.1 4.9
New B $1,008 12.1 7.7 4
New B $457 14.4 6.8 0.5
New C $840 21.7 13.5 10.5
New C $895 19.7 12.4 9.4
New C $1,141 15.8 16.8 13.2
New C $631 18.5 15.6 12.8
New C $526 19.2 14.9 10.6
New C $590 22 14.9 10.7
New C $757 19.9 13.3 11.1
New C $903 18.4 14.2 10.9
New C $783 18.1 13.7 9.8
New C $643 19.1 12.6 9.3
New C $1,064 14.9 14.9 12.1
New C $726 22.1 14.7 9.5
New C $808 17.7 15.2 11.5
New C $1,278 20.8 11.1 7.7
New C $582 21.2 13.5 7.7
New C $632 15.3 6.8 6.5
New C $900 20.9 13.3 8.2
New C $1,255 23.4 11.8 7.6
New C $649 20 13.6 8.9
New C $915 18.8 15.3 9.7
New C $1,162 19.8 12.1 8.7
New C $574 19.8 11.2 7.4
New C $1,159 16 10.9 7.7
New C $1,130 16.1 12 7.3
New C $614 21.8 7.6 6.9
New C $1,158 20.6 13.8 8.9
New C $830 19.2 17 9.9
New C $1,258 18 11.3 6
New C $1,186 16.8 11 6.8
New C $1,095 16.3 6.8 6.9
New C $1,264 16.7 13.8 7.9
New C $463 18.3 9.3 6.9
New C $494 21.9 10.1 6.8
New C $988 22.3 15.8 9
New C $1,199 15.9 12.3 9.6
New C $573 18.9 13.7 7.5
New C $1,043 16 12.5 7.5
New C $1,175 13.1 7.6 6.5
New C $820 15.4 11.7 9.2
New C $547 18.1 13.9 10.2
New C $822 19.6 11.4 6.6
New C $1,075 16.6 11.5 7.8
New C $811 18.9 11.3 8.4
New C $1,070 15.3 8.3 6.6
New C $497 16.6 10.2 6.2
New C $515 20.6 11.9 5.5
New C $853 17.9 11.3 5.7
New C $470 11.2 8.2 5.6
New C $722 13.7 9.4 5.5
New C $528 18.6 11.1 5.2
New C $613 17.7 10.1 5.7
New C $650 17.1 12.6 7.1
New C $693 14 7.3 3.7
New C $674 22.4 10 3.7
New D $713 12.3 16.1 13.9
New D $906 22.1 15.7 12.9
New D $911 19.8 12.6 9.7
New D $1,124 15.7 11.2 9.4
New D $525 14.9 14.7 11.3
New D $980 14.2 14 10
New D $889 22 14.9 10.9
New D $974 24.7 17.4 11.2
New D $494 13.2 16.8 10.2
New D $874 19.4 14.4 9.2
New D $554 19.8 13.7 9.8
New D $1,109 19 14.2 9.5
New D $553 18.2 14.4 10.1
New D $706 16.4 12.3 7.3
New D $1,182 11.8 9 8.9
New D $661 21.4 10.9 8.1
New D $1,019 20.1 13.7 7.3
New D $503 19.7 12.7 7.1
New D $1,060 23.6 13.8 9.3
New D $686 20.1 10.9 7.2
New D $743 19 14.9 9.5
New D $672 13.7 9.3 8
New D $613 18.3 12.7 7.3
New D $1,186 17.4 9.8 10
New D $1,012 11.8 8.9 6.4
New D $743 19.4 12.8 7.7
New D $539 16.2 11.3 8.1
New D $1,015 20.6 12.4 7.3
New D $1,197 10 10.7 7.5
New D $1,065 20.2 14.1 7.6
New D $662 15.8 12.3 7.1
New D $1,183 17.1 13.1 8.6
New D $822 13.6 13.1 9.7
New D $688 15.3 11.4 7.1
New D $1,091 23.3 14.9 9.2
New D $1,165 20.3 15.6 8.6
New D $557 18.2 12.3 7.3
New D $1,290 22.1 13.1 8.5
New D $835 17.3 10.6 7.2
New D $803 17.3 12 9.4
New D $508 19 12.1 7.5
New D $848 20.6 12.7 8.6
New D $564 18 10.3 7.6
New D $1,272 12.2 10.8 6.4
New D $1,274 16.9 10.7 5.6
New D $855 14.7 7.9 4.3
New D $601 15.8 10.6 6.3
New D $929 18.3 11.4 6.6
New D $510 19.8 13.5 7.1
New D $708 15.8 10.6 6.8
New D $970 20.8 13.4 7.1
New D $945 14.4 9.2 4.9
New D $464 15.5 11.7 2.1
New D $1,156 20.2 13.3 2.2
New D $985 12.8 10.3 4.3
Project Report Writing Guidelines
(1) paper outline
(2) characteristics of a good report
(3) report requirements and submissions
(4) examples of statistical jargon
(5) common mistakes
(6) characteristics of reports of high quality
(1) Paper Outline
Generic Structure
– follow the structure below when writing your report
A. Title Page (1 page)
1. Company name
2. Team name
3. Members
4. Date
B. Executive Summary (1 page)
1. Summarize Paper (problem, data description)
2. List Recommendations
3. Use numbers to justify findings without references
C. Body of paper (5 pages)
1. Describe Team
2. Describe Data in detail
3. Describe clients
4. Explain Analysis
5. Offer Recommendation and reference the numbers used for its justification
D. Appendices
1. First Appendix for Referenced Tables
2. Second Appendix for figures (e.g., boxplots, etc.)
3. Other Appendices for unreferenced supporting Tables or Figures
(2) A good report will have the following characteristics:
(A) The report will begin with an Executive Summary. The Executive Summary should be no more than one page in length. The Executive Summary describes the problem that was investigated, the sample that was used in this investigation and the main findings. The Executive Summary should be written last.
(B) The body of the report will include your analysis. All charts and tables should be placed in the Appendix with references to them in the body of the paper. At the same time, items which do not have references in the body should be in other Appendices. A good report always describes the data set so that the reader understands the data set being used for the analysis. The body of the report itself (Section C above) should not contain any statistical jargon. The rule that we use is that “your grandmother should understand your report.” You must show that you can translate statistical findings into everyday language.
(C) A good report concludes with one or more recommendations.
(D) Statistical jargon may be used in the appendix to do additional detailed statistical analysis. It should be clear to the reader how you arrived at the conclusions in the body of your report based on the detail found in the appendix. An annotation of EXCEL results that are pasted into the appendix is often a good way to make the appendix. Do not, however, include an entire spreadsheet. The appendix or appendices should be at the end of the report.
(E) A good report will be organized. The use of well-organized titles and subtitles is recommended.
(3) Report requirements
(A) All projects must be typed in Microsoft Word 2013 (.docx) using Calibri 12 point font in double space. The margins should not be less than 1″ on all sides. Points will be deducted for poor formatting of the document.
(B) No attached spreadsheet files will be allowed. All EXCEL results should be pasted into the Word document.
(C) The first page of each project must have the title, date, section number, team member names of each member of the team.
(D) The second page of each project must be the Executive Summary. Results in the Executive Summary must be explained in non-technical language. The page must be labeled, “Executive Summary.” The body of the project must begin with a fresh page. Numbering begins with the Executive Summary, but it is not counted as part of the five page limit.
(E) Each project must contain an Appendix that provides the statistical results or tables of descriptive statistics that are the foundation of your explanation.
(F) Submissions
1. All drafts of the reports should be consolidated into just one Word file.
2. Any first draft that is turned in after the deadline will not be read and, hence, no comment will be provided. Any submission that does not conform to the requirements will not be accepted. There will be a 10% penalty for every 24 hours past the due date for the final submission with no exceptions. After I have commented on and graded the reports, I will e-mail a copy of the graded report to a team member.
(4) Examples of statistical jargon that should be avoided in the Executive Summary and the body of the report, but which are acceptable in the appendices:
(A) Project: Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, Z-scores, quartiles, percentiles, range, box and whisker plots, ordered array, skewed, un-stack data, descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis, measures of central tendency, etc.
(5) Common mistakes
(A) Project:
(i) Treating your readers like your professors – Students often write reports assuming that the person reading the report has a good knowledge of the data set. This will typically be wrong.
(ii) There needs to be a simple introduction and description of the data to bring the reader up to speed.
(iii) Talking about a result for a variable when no explanation about the formation of the variable has been provided. You cannot assume that the reader knows everything about the data set.
(iv) Failing to describe the sample. Failing to include summary statistics.
(v) Poor use of graphs or charts – Visuals can be an important addition to a good report. However, they must make understanding the report easier. Poor quality visuals or visuals that simply are included with no real thought distract from the report.
(vi) Cutting and pasting the same sentence over and over. No one is interested in reading the identical language again and again. Students often use this as a short cut in the appendix when they are explaining their procedure. Explaining how to generate numbers in Excel.
(vii) We do not care how to do things in Excel. By doing the quiz, you have already been graded on generating the numbers in Excel. Explaining formulae used to calculate numbers is boring and unnecessary.
(viii) We do not care about the formulae for, e.g., standard deviation and the t-statistic, in the report. Not separating the executive summary and the body of the paper is not acceptable. There should be a clear break between the two.
(ix) Using the executive summary as the introductory paragraph of the report. The executive summary should stand alone. It should contain all the essential information from the report including a basic introduction to the problem, brief analysis and explanation of data, and basic conclusions. Reading this executive summary should give you the essential information of the report. Sloppy presentations will be penalized.
(x) Do not use several different type fonts when it is not necessary.
(xi) It is fine to use a fixed font for tables and a proportional font for the text. However, all the tables should use the same font. All the text should use the same font, except when you are using a new font for effect. You should be aware that you have a spelling and grammar checker in Word.
(xii) Informal style – This is a business report that is a key to the success of the firm. The project should use business language but do not use statistical jargon. Be professional.
(xiii) Failure to read the project requirements – If something is specially required for the project then you definitely lose points if you leave it out. When there are specific questions asked, be sure to make your answers to these questions clear.
(xiv) Using questions from the project as section titles. Speculating about possible causes for some results when this speculation could have been tested with data from the sample is unacceptable and could cost you your job.
(xv) Inclusion of missing data as real data. Don’t fabricate anything. You have been given all you need to make a recommendation.
(6) Characteristics that make some reports stand out as high quality
(A) Explain the concepts in the project in everyday language.
(B) Address all questions asked in the report.
(C) Attempt to understand the results – Suppose that you find that your male employees have lower average sales than your female employees. Why might this be true? Is there some change in training that the company can make that will close this gap? Is there any other evidence in the data set that might help you pin down why this difference occurs? Is there some way of gathering evidence that might help the company understand why this occurs?
(D) A concise and informative executive summary.
(E) References in the body of the report to tables and charts that are included in Appendix I and, possibly, 2, 3, etc.
(F) Clear labeling of all figures and tables with annotations.
(G) Good use of visual presentations to illustrate the points that are made.
(H) Numbering pages.
(I) Indication that the group really put thought into the context of the report in the real world. It is sometimes fun, and often valuable, to consider how this problem might come up in the real world. The data that we use are real but generic with little background information available. If you had more information, would it be helpful? If information that might be useful is not contained in the project write up or in the data set, why not make up some plausible situation? For example, if the report concerns sales by associates, you might want to think about the business context where this would be an especially important report.
(J) Inventiveness and initiative.
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