Socialism developed from the social conditions and events of earlier 19th century due to the impact of industrial revolution. The industrial revolution resulted to the emergence of capitalism. Socialist of the 19th century are divided into two fronts; the Utopian and scientific socialists. In regards to the Utopian socialists, they came up with various ideologies to transform capitalist society by trying their ideals of constructing model colonies. Their influence was most felt in the United States. This was attributed to land availability where hundreds of Utopians formed communes in the 19th century. On the other hand, scientific socialists were by far the most successful socialists compared to the Utopian socialists. Their influence in the field of economics, sociology amongst other fields is still felt to date. Karl Marx, one of the most renowned scientific socialist, linked socialism to low form communism. His idea portrayed socialism a bridge of moving towards communism from capitalism.
These socialists believed in transforming the economy through collective social controls. They strongly held that the opinion that goods and services within an economy should be publicly owned at the same time planned and controlled from a centralized point. In addition, the distribution was to be based on the amount of production efforts of the individuals. In regards to capitalism, working class individuals are dominated by the wealthy elites who own majority of the resources and means of production. In addition, they oppress their workers buy paying them small wages in a bid to increase wealth and make more profit. In turn, this results to monopoly and inequality amongst the social classes. Socialism was embraced to oversee these differences and improve them by lowering the conflicts between the two parties. Many movements worldwide particularly Europe embraced socialism leading to uprising and protests amongst the working class and labor unions. As a result socialism dominated in many countries more so the Soviet Union and China.
However, the results of socialism were not as expected. The social, racial, national and regional differences continued to persist even more badly. The socialism system rapidly advanced to become totalitarianism. This was propagated by the centralized organization. The centralized organizations stole all the power from the working class and utilized it for personal interests transforming the economy back to capitalism. This in turn had negative impact on the economy. The economic injustice continued to persist. Socialists assumed that people would abide to their own working class, however, these was influenced by their national states. On the contrary, socialism had positive impact to the economy. The working conditions and living standards of the people improved, for example, incomes increased and food prices declined. Despite the equality amongst workers, socialism did not influence motivation of workers. This is because the benefits derived from worker’s hard work were equalized in all workers. In return, this led to lowered productivity in workers.
Today, forces of socialism still persist although they are numerically small but ideologically stronger. The main reason for its small influence today is due to lack of good example of a well established socialism system to follow/copy. The existing powerful socialist system ended up becoming totalitarian. After the failure of socialism in such great nations and Eastern Europe at large, socialism has a negative connotation today. In addition, the countries embracing socialism are performing poorly economically.
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