1. List the major components of dry air.
2. Briefly discuss what occurs at a solstice and at an equinox.
3. List the three methods of heat transfer and give an example of each.
4. Describe what happens to incoming solar radiation. Give the percentage of each possibility (making sure the total adds to 100%).
5. Describe the general distribution of global surface temperatures.
6. Name and describe the six processes that cause water to change from one of state of matter to another. State what each does. Here is the first one: freezing: turns liquid water into solid water.
7. Give a definition of saturation, relative humidity, and dew point.
8. Explain the basic process of cloud formation.
9. What does adiabatic mean?
10. What are the four processes that lift air?
11. Describe stable and unstable air.
12. Discuss the conditions necessary for condensation.
13. Name and describe the five types of fog.
14. Briefly describe the Bergeron process.
15. Give brief definitions for drizzle, sleet, glaze, rime and hail.
The major components of dry air include argon, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
During a solstice (summer and winter), the earth’s poles point most straightly to the sun compared to other times, therefore during the summer solstice, the north pole experiences the longest day, while the other parts experiences their shortest days. During a winter solstice, the case is the same for the South Pole experiences the same. An equinox is the time when the sun is at the same plane as the earth’s equator. During the equinox, days and nights take the same time, and the time of sunrise or sunset depends on the location of the observer (Meeus 75).
Conduction: where heat is transferred across the direct contact of the objects. An example is the electric cooker, when a pan is placed above the hot plate. The second is convection, which takes place through the movement of liquid or solid particles from hot to cold areas, due to the expansion of particles, which leads to the loss of density. An example is the boiling of the water at the brim of a kettle, when the heater coil is powered. Radiation is the transfer of heat without any medium. The transfer takes place through electromagnetic waves, for example in the case of the heater coil used in houses (Korolev & Mazin 2957 -2960).
Out of the 100% radiation, 16% is absorbed by the atmosphere, 6% is reflected by the atmosphere; 3% is absorbed by clouds, 20% is reflected by the clouds and 4% is reflect by the surface of the earth, leaving 51%, which is absorbed by the earth – the oceans and the lands.
The North Pole is cold, and then temperatures increase to the equator. Past the equator, temperatures decline towards the cold South Pole.
Freezing (liquid to solid), boiling (liquid to gas), melting (solid to liquid), condensation (gas to liquid) evaporation (liquid to gas) and sublimation (solid to gas).
Saturation is the point where a solution cannot take more of the solute. Relative humidity is the ratio of gaseous water in air-water mixture, relative to the water vapor level at a given temperature. Dew point is the temperature, where the vapor in air at the given pressure changes to liquid water, at a rate similar to that of its evaporation.
As the earth’s temperatures increase, ground air containing water vapor is heated, therefore rises as it cools. Clouds are formed after the humid air is cooled beyond the critical temperature, condensing the particles into tiny particles, which combine to form droplets of water………………………………………………………….
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